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ACHIEVEMENTS

                              Achievements of  the Bakshi Regime from 1953-1964

1. Education from kindergarten to the University standard was made free. The number of school-going children went up from 64,000 to 2,34,000. The number of primary and basic schools  rose from 1,239 to 4,078, of high schools from 72 to 246, of arts and science colleges from 7 to 14, of industrial training institutes from two to nine and of professional colleges from one to eight. The number of women's educational institutions rose from 181 to 653 and enrolment from 14,488 to 63, 306. The number of post-graduate departments went up to 14. The budget of the Education Department rose from Rs. 83.49 to Rs. 327.38 lakhs and of the Jammu and Kashmir University from Rs. 2.1 lakhs to Rs. 27.32 lakhs.

 2. Technical education  received great impetus. A scheme of granting liberal interest-free educational loans was introduced and loans amounting to Rs. 279 lakhs were sanctioned. As a result of this policy a corps of technical personnel was  created with an adequate know-how in medicine and surgery, agriculture and animal husbandry, electrical, mechanical and civil engineering and in post­graduate studies at all levels. The technical man-power available  increased from 72 in 1953 to 4, 770 in 1962-63.

 3. Per capita expenditure on public health rose from 47 np to Rs. 4.00. The number of dispensaries of all kinds  increased from 217 to 374, health centres from zero to 55, hospitals from 10 to 19 and the number of hospital beds rose from 600 to over 3 thousand.

 4. The system of forced levy of foodgrains known as Mujawaza was abolished.

 5. Debts of the rural population were scaled down by more than 51 percent.

 6. The colossal problem of rehabilitation was vigorously tackled and successfully solved. More than thirty thousand uprooted families from Pakistan-occupied areas were rehabilitated. For the rehabilitation of Muslim refugees from Pakistan-held areas a special grant of over Rs. 18 lakhs was provided.

 7. With a view to enabling low and middle income group Government employees to build their own houses, plots of land were provided at concessional rates and loans amounting to Rs. 1.35 crores were granted.

 8. The Jawahar Tunnel was constructed at a cost of over 3 crores of rupees and established a permanent road link between the valley and the rest of the Country and ensured a dependable flow of sup­plies and trade.

 9.  Transport  facilities   increased manifold. More than 7000 vehicles, both private and public were operating  providing employment to about 20,000 persons directly and indirectly.

 10. 34 fruit plant nurseries were set up and 12.27 lakh fruit plants distributed. Value of export of fresh and dry fruits  increased manifold.

 11. Good drinking water to the waterless tracts of the Jammu province was  provided at a cost of Rs. 107.07 lakhs removing the age-old problem of over a lakh of people and several thousand animals.

 12. 25,533 scholarships were granted to students belonging to scheduled castes and backward classes.

 13. The power potential  increased from 4,000 kws to 31,000 kws.

 14. The Jammu and Kashmir Minerals Corporation with a capital of Rupees five crores was set up to exploit the mineral wealth of the State.

 15. The First and Second Five year Plans were completed at a cost of Rs. 11.52 crores and 25.97 crores respectively. The Third Five Year Plan was of the order of Rs. 75 crores.

 16. As many as 33,569 additional jobs were created during the first ten years.

 17. Three general revisions of pay scales of Government employees were sanctioned involving an expenditure of over 3 crores of rupees. Pensioners getting pensions were granted  D.A.

 18. Per capita income of the State at 1955-56 prices rose from Rs. 188.41 to Rs. 236.86 between the years 1950-51 to 1958-59.

 19. A democratic constitution was given to the State where-under a bicameral legislature with 75 members in the Lower House and 36 members in the Upper House was set up.

 20. A Public Service Commission and an Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages with an autonomous status was set up.

Increase In Revenues And Expenditure.

Progress in revenues and expenditure from 1947-48 to 1962-63:-

Year

 

Receipts

 

Expenditure

 

Surplus or Deficit

 

1947-48

 

274.45 lakhs

 

407.57 lakhs

 

—133.12 lakhs

 

1948-49

 

307.95

 

410.98

 

—103.03

 

1949-50

 

434.11

 

393.34

 

40.77

 

195051

 

412.20

 

430.48

 

—27.28

 

1951-52

 

496.28 Lakhs

 

510.10 lakhs

 

—13.91

 

1952-53

 

537.08

 

530.80

 

6.28

 

1953-54

 

523.08

 

520.49

 

3.40

 

1954-55

 

554.65

 

511.85 .

 

42.80

 

1955-56

 

584.64

 

557.29

 

27.35

 

1957-58

 

691.68

 

721.58

 

—29.90

 

1958-59

 

1,046.90

 

760.36

 

286.50

 

1959-60

 

1,176.39

 

816.23

 

360.16

 

1960-61

 

1,706.95

 

1,316.62

 

390.33

 

1961-62

 

1,781.80

 

1,382.44

 

336.36

 

1962-63

 

2-117.33

 

1,906.53

 

210.80

 

1963-64 (B.E.)

 

2,235.46

 

1,884.38

 

351.08

 

 

Outlay on Various Development Activities

Head of development                           1947-48                       1963-64

Agriculture and Horticulture                     2.23 Lakhs                   88.21 Lakhs

Animal Husbandry                                    2.26                                  65.94

Community Development                           Nil                                    65.45

Panchayats and Cooperatives                   3.75                                  25.52

Forest and Soil Conservation                    20.18                                104.67

Irrigation & Flood Control                           3.23                                 245.11

Civil Works (Roads & Buildings)              27.09                                504.80

Education (Excluding buildings)                33.68                               327.38

Medical & Public Health                              12.18                               159.06

(excluding buildings)

Industry                                                           39.62                              154.75

Power                                                                7.53                                422.86

 

 

EDUCATION (GENERAL)

                                                                                                                  1953-54      1963-64

A. Enrolment of school-going children in the

        age group 6-11                                                                           64,000       2,34,000

Number of Primary Schools                                                              1,239         4,078

Number of High & Higher Secondary Schools                              72              246

 

B. Women's Education

Tremendous improvements took place in women's education.

The following figures bear this out :—

1953 54                                                           1960-1961

                           No.of Institutions   Students on Roll        No.of Institutions      Students on Roll  

1. Primary                            175                      4,679                                    542                   34,720

2. Middle                             15                        4,146                                    69                     11.811

3. High Schools                   9                          5,243                                    38                     15,061

4. Teachers Training

     School                               —                        38                                          2                       155

5. Degree Colleges               2                          382                                        2                       1,559

         Total                             181                     14,488                                    653                    63,306

 

C. Technical Institutions

Institutions                                                      1947                   1963-64

Medical College

Agriculture College

Polytechnics

Industrial Training Institutes

Ayurvedic College

Unani College                        

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

1

2

2

7

1

1

              

 

D. Stadia                             1947               1963-64

                                                Nil                            2


 

E. Regional Engineering College

In order to meet the growing demand of Engineers in the Country an Engineering College in the State  

was set up in 1960 as a centrally sponsored scheme under the control of a governing board. This

college  provided admission to 245 and 187 students during 1961-62 and 1962-63 respectively.

 

HEALTH SERVICES

Institutions                                          1947-48       1963-64

Hospitals                                                    2                19

Dispensaries                                             87              429

Bed Strength                                            600            3000 +

 

FORESTS

Year                     Revenue

1946-47                Rs. 131 Lakhs

1947-48               Nil

 

1952-53               Rs. 70.43   Lakhs

 

1956-57               Rs. 176      Lakhs

 

1961-62               Rs. 373.15 Lakhs (actuals)

 

1962-63               Rs. 436.50 Lakhs (R.E.)

 

1963-64               Rs. 500.00 Lakhs (B.E.)

 

ROADS

The total mileage of roads including the high-way before the First Five Year Plan

 

Black Topped                    283 miles

Metalled                            146 miles

Shingled                            174 miles

Fair weather                      413 miles

Jeepable                            145 miles

Total                                  1,161 miles

  First Five Year Plan

New roads constructed                              312 miles

Existing roads improved                            565 miles

 

Second Five Year Plan

Roads constructed                                      1,862 miles

 

The position at the end of 1961-62 was as follows :

Surfaced roads                                          1,373

Un-surfaced road                                     2,920

Total                                                           4,293

 

TOURISM

Year                           Number of Tourists

1948                                  Nil

1953                                  21,381

1960                                 74,560

1962                                  93,015

 

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

The Industries (Development and Regulation) Act of the Govern­ment of India was extended to

the State of Jammu and Kashmir also to bring it within the ambit of the Industrial Policy

Resolution of the Centre.

          The following Industrial Boards were set up represented by prominent industrialists of the

        country and with the State Premier as Chairman.

 

1. Industrial Advisory Board, and

 

2. Industries Development Board.

 

           As a result of the deliberations of the Boards, industrial development was envisaged in the

            following directions :

a. Establishment of two Cotton Spinning Mills with initial installed capacity of 12,500 spindles each.

b. Establishment of a Worsted Yarn Spinning mill with initial installed capacity of 12,000 spindles,

    rising to 60,000 spindles within two years.

         c. Establishment of a factory for the manufacture of spun silk from silk wastes in the State

            Sericulture Department.

        d. Establishment of a factory at Pampore for the manufacture of decorative veneers, plywood and

 chip-boards.

        e. Manufacture of paper.

        f.  Manufacture of camphor and other allied products.

        g. Renovation of existing Rosin and Turpentine factory at Miran Sahib.

        h. Expansion of medicinal herb cultivations.

        i. Manufacture of bricks at Pampore.

        j. Manufacture of ceramics and sanitary ware at Kathua.

 

The number of factories in the State rose from 10 in 1947 to 154 in 1962.

 

MINING AND GEOLOGY

A Department of geology and Mining was established during the Second Plan period. For exploitation

of mineral resources in the State a public sector company known as the J & K Minerals was  floated.

The company was mining :

(a) Coal in Kalakot,

(b) Lignite in Nichihama ,

(c) Gypsum in Buniyar, and

(d) Sapphire in Paddar.

The Jammu and Kashmir Minerals was also responsible for the following :

A. Generation of thermal power at Kalakot

          B. Production of Cement at Wuyan, Pre-stressed cement concrete, Spun pipes

         C. Formulation of projects for :

           Manufacture of Fertilizers,

           Cement (600 to 700 tons a day) in   Jammu,

           Establishment of a steel re-rolling mill at Wuyan, Pencil Slates, and

          Generation of thermal power from Jangal-gali coal and Kalakot coal fields.

 

POWER GENERATION

Installed capacity in 1947-48                        4000     Kws.

Installed capacity in 1963-64                        31,000  Kws.

 

Following were some of the main power projects, besides eight small ones, under construction :

a. Salal Project                                        45,000  Kws

b. Chenani Project                                 14,000  Kws

c. Nichihama Project                             10 000  Kws

d. Kalakot Thermal Power House       22 500 Kws

 

IRRIGATION

Before the First Five Year Plan the position was as follows:

Net Area cropped                                 15.56 lakh acres

Net Area irrigated                                 6.55   lakh acres

Crops irrigated                                      7.05   lakh acres

 

During the first two Five Year Plans a total area of a little over 90,000 acres was  brought under irrigation.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

The position.of the Veterinary Hospitals etc was as follows

                                               Pre-1953          1962-63

Hospitals                                       2                  32

Dispensaries                                 3                  88

First Aid Centres                          Nil               16

Key Village Centres                     Nil               5

Cattle Farm                                    Nil               3

Poultry Farm                                 Nil               10

Artificial Insemination Centres  Nil               24

 

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE

      A. The Community Development and National Extension Services programme was started in 1953. There were 68 blocks covering the whole State.

The expenditure under Community Development and National Extension service rose from Rs. 2.03 lakhs in 1953-54 to Rs. 79.74 lakhs in 1961-62. The budget provision for 1963-64 was Rs. 65.45 lakhs.

An institution for training of Village Level Workers was also established.

       B. Panchyats set up after 1958.

Kashmir                                                                                                          457

Jammu                                                                                                             502

Panches elected                                                                                             7,742

Quantity of fertilizers supplied                                                                    3,04,679 mds

Quantity of imported seeds of wheat paddy and maijze supplied         1,25,990 mds             

 Number of seed multiplication Farms set up.                                           42

 

      C. In view of its Special needs water logged and backward area of Sonawari was constituted into a separate Tehsil and a Development Block. The outlay incurred on the development in this Block  is indicated below :—

1960-61                          rs. 16.31 lakhs

1961-62                          rs. 9.30   lakhs

1962-63                          rs. 3.60   lakhs

WORK DONE BY SERVICE CO-OPERATIVES DURING SECOND PLAN PERIOD

 Number of Service Cooperatives set up                                                         736

Loans advanced                                                                                                   Rs. 1,07,96000,

Value of Fertilizers and seeds distributed                                                         Rs. 7,28,000

Value of Consumer goods distributed                                                               Rs. 89,95,000

Value of Agricultural produce delivered for marketing by members             Rs. 89,91,000

 

 SECRETARIAT BUILDINGS

 Owing to the paucity of accommodation in the existing Secre­tariat building, two new Secretariat buildings one each at Jammu and Srinagar were constructed. The construction of Jammu Secretariat building was completed in December, 1961 at a total cost of Rs. 31.80 Lakhs. The Srinagar Secretariat building was completed in a record time of 25 months with an expenditure of about Rs. 53 lakhs.,

These Secretariats have provided sufficient office accommodation to the Secretariat offices.

 

LADAKH

 

Ladakh which was  the most backward area of the state received due emphasis. This area was linked by a motorable road with the rest of the country. The following figures of expendit­ure incurred will give an idea of the progress made in this area.

1960-61                                        Rs. 63.83 Lakhs.

1961-62                                        Rs. 4401 Lakhs

1962.63                                        Rs. 57.60 Lakhs

1963-64                                        Rs. 94.82 Lakhs

The Outlay mentioned above was  incurred on all types of activities including social services. In this sphere particularly there was  tremendous progress during this period. The number of educational institutions  increased three times and enrolment by more than four times.

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